Herpes simplex virus 1 DNA (HSV-1 DNA)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) DNA is a double-stranded, linear genome of approximately 152 kilobases that serves as the blueprint for viral replication and pathogenesis (NCBI, 2023). It encodes over 80 viral proteins, including those necessary for DNA synthesis, capsid assembly, and immune evasion (UniProt, 2024). Upon infection, the DNA is transported to the host cell nucleus where it can either initiate a lytic cycle or establish lifelong latency as a circularized episome in sensory neurons (StatPearls, 2023). Traditional antiviral therapies, such as acyclovir, target the replication of this DNA by acting as chain terminators that are incorporated into the nascent strand by the viral DNA polymerase (PubChem, 2024). These drugs effectively manage active outbreaks but fail to eliminate the latent DNA reservoir, leading to recurrent infections (PMC, 2021). Modern therapeutic strategies are increasingly focusing on the DNA itself as a direct target, utilizing gene-editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 or meganucleases to cleave and degrade the latent viral genome (Nature Communications, 2020). This approach aims to achieve a functional cure by permanently disrupting the viral genetic material within the host (Labcompare, 2024). Additionally, the presence of HSV-1 DNA in clinical samples serves as a critical diagnostic biomarker for identifying active infection and monitoring treatment efficacy (MDPI, 2024).

Other names

HSV-1 genomeHuman herpesvirus 1 DNAHHV-1 DNAHerpes simplex virus type 1 deoxyribonucleic acid

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis through competitive inhibition of DNA polymerase and/or DNA chain termination; direct cleavage or degradation via gene-editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9); inhibition of the helicase-primase complex.