Herpes simplex virus type 1 genomic DNA (HSV-1 genomic DNA)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 genomic DNA is the essential genetic element of HSV-1, which establishes acute and latent infections in human cells. The DNA is linear and double-stranded in virions and circularizes inside the nucleus during latency[2][6]. It encodes all viral functions required for replication, gene regulation, immune evasion, and latency. The genome is a direct target for antivirals designed to inhibit viral DNA synthesis by blocking the activity of the viral DNA polymerase and associated replication factors[4][9]. The persistence of the HSV-1 genome in neuronal cells underlies the lifelong nature of HSV infections. Quantitative detection of HSV-1 DNA in tissue or fluids is a key clinical diagnostic biomarker. Note: HSV-1 genomic DNA is a legitimate antiviral target but is not a classical therapeutic target (like a receptor, enzyme, or transporter). Drugs act by inhibiting functions encoded by this DNA (primarily viral DNA replication), not by binding to the DNA directly in most cases. For greater molecular specificity in drug discovery, the viral DNA polymerase or other encoded proteins are often chosen as the canonical target[9].

Other names

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNAHSV-1 DNAHHV-1 genomic DNA (Human herpesvirus 1)Herpes simplex-1 genome

Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, preventing viral DNA synthesis and replication Chain termination (drugs like acyclovir are incorporated into the viral DNA, causing premature termination of replication)