High mobility group box 1 pseudogene 40 (HMGB1P40)

High mobility group box 1 pseudogene 40 (HMGB1P40) is a human pseudogene encoding a DNA segment homologous to the functional high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) gene[5]. Pseudogenes are nonfunctional gene relatives usually unable to generate active proteins due to disabling mutations or the lack of proper gene regulation[2][8]. There is no evidence that HMGB1P40 is transcribed or translated to a functional protein, nor any indication it acts as a therapeutic target, biomarker, or disease mediator. HMGB1P40 should be distinguished from the functional HMGB1 gene, which is widely studied for its roles in DNA binding, cellular stress response, and inflammation[1][3][6]. HMGB1P40’s sequence may complicate gene studies through amplification bias[2], but it is currently not considered of biological or pharmacological relevance.