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Histone H3.1 (H3.1)
- Target
- H3.1
- Molecular classification
- Histone, Structural protein, Chromatin component, Epigenetic regulator
01
Overview
Histone H3.1 (including the gene H3C8 and aliases such as HIST1H3G) is a core component of the nucleosome, the basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Two molecules of each core histone (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) form an octamer around which DNA is wrapped, compacting and organizing genetic material. H3.1 is encoded by intronless, replication-dependent genes located in a histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. Histone H3.1 plays a central role in DNA packaging, epigenetic regulation, and supports essential processes such as DNA replication, repair, and transcriptional regulation through post-translational modifications on its N-terminal tail. Dysregulation of histone modification enzymes can impact H3.1 function, contributing to oncogenesis and developmental disorders, but H3.1 itself is not a typical direct therapeutic target.
- Other names
- H3/hH3C1H3C2H3C3H3C4H3C6H3C7H3FHH3C10H3C11H3C12HIST1H3GHistone H3.1HIST1H3AHIST1H3BHIST1H3CHIST1H3DHIST1H3EHIST1H3FHIST1H3HHIST1H3IHIST1H3JH3FLH3FAH3FJhistone cluster 1 H3 family member g
02
Mechanism of action
Epigenetic enzyme inhibition (e.g., HDAC, HAT, methylase, demethylase)—modifies histone tails, including on H3.1, altering chromatin state and gene expression
03
Biological functions
DNA packagingChromatin compactionRegulation of gene expressionEpigenetic modification substrateSupport of DNA replication, repair, and recombination
04
Disease associations
CancerSome neurodevelopmental and developmental disorders may involve histone dysfunction, but H3.1 is not a direct or primary disease target
05
Safety considerations
Broad epigenetic modulation can lead to off-target effects, altered gene expression, and genomic instability; direct targeting of core histones could pose fundamental toxicity risk
06
Interacting drugs
histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Global or site-specific post-translational modifications on histone H3 (e.g., H3K27ac, H3K4me3) are used as biomarkers for chromatin state, transcriptional activity, and disease
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