HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 (membrane fusion domain) (gp41 (Env))

The envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 facilitates fusion of viral and host cell membranes, a critical step for viral entry and infection. This glycoprotein is composed of a surface subunit (gp120), which binds to cellular CD4 and a coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4), and a transmembrane subunit (gp41), which mediates membrane fusion. Upon receptor engagement, gp41 undergoes dramatic conformational changes, forming a six-helix bundle that brings the viral and cellular membranes into proximity and catalyzes their merger. The fusion mechanism has been structurally elucidated, setting the stage for the development of peptide-based therapeutics, such as enfuvirtide, that block key steps in the fusion process. The membrane fusion activity is exclusive to enveloped viruses and remains a major target for anti-HIV drug development[1][2][3][6][7][8].

Other names

HIV EnvHIV envelope glycoproteingp41HIV-1 EnvHIV-1 gp41HIV fusion protein

Inhibition of six-helix bundle formation in gp41, preventing fusion of the viral and cellular membranes[7]. Stabilization of intermediate conformations that block further refolding of gp41 required for fusion[1].