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Target intelligence / Profile preview
HIV Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp120 (gp120)
- Target
- gp120
- Molecular classification
- Glycoprotein, Viral Envelope Protein
01
Overview
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 is a surface-exposed viral protein critical for the entry of HIV into host cells. It forms part of the viral envelope spike, which consists of three gp120 molecules non-covalently associated with three transmembrane gp41 molecules. Gp120 mediates attachment and entry into host cells through sequential interactions: binding to CD4 receptors and then to chemokine co-receptors CCR5 or CXCR4. This interaction leads to CD4+ T-cell depletion and immunodeficiency. High sequence variability and a glycan shield complicate therapeutic targeting.
02
Mechanism of action
Attachment and entry inhibitor (potential)
03
Biological functions
Viral entryCD4 receptor bindingCo-receptor engagement (CCR5, CXCR4)Membrane fusion
04
Disease associations
HIV infectionAIDSImmunodeficiencyCD4+ T-cell depletion
05
Safety considerations
High sequence variabilityGlycan shield hindering antibody recognitionChallenge in vaccine design
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