HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain (HLA-DPB1*04:01) (HLA-DPB1*04:01)

HLA-DPB1*04:01 is a specific allele of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II beta chain, which plays a critical role in the adaptive immune system by presenting exogenous peptides to CD4+ T helper cells [7, 8]. It is the most prevalent HLA-DPB1 allele in Caucasian populations, found in approximately 60–70% of individuals, making it a significant genetic marker and therapeutic focal point [1, 3, 15]. In oncology, it serves as a restriction element for T-cell receptor (TCR) therapies, such as KITE-718, which targets cancer-germline antigens like MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 presented specifically by this HLA molecule [3, 4]. Beyond cancer, HLA-DPB1*04:01 is associated with susceptibility to autoimmune conditions like PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis [9, 17]. Conversely, it has been linked to protective effects, such as a lower risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and increased recovery rates from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [11, 19, 20]. Therapeutically, it is utilized in the development of engineered T-cell therapies for solid tumors and hematological malignancies, although its use requires careful monitoring for off-target toxicities and graft-versus-host disease in transplant settings [5, 15].

Other names

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1HLA-DPB1DPB1*04:01DP4MHC class II antigen DPB1HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W4) beta chain

Presentation of antigenic peptides to CD4+ T cell receptors (TCRs) to induce an immune response or targeted cell killing [1, 8].