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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Homocysteine Metabolism Pathway (HMP)
- Target
- HMP
- Molecular classification
- Metabolic Pathway
01
Overview
The homocysteine metabolism pathway refers to the biochemical processes by which the sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteine is synthesized, utilized, and degraded in the body. Homocysteine is not obtained directly from the diet but is produced as an intermediate during methionine metabolism. Its levels are tightly regulated due to its association with vascular and neurological diseases when elevated. The pathway involves remethylation of homocysteine to methionine (using folate/B12 or betaine) and transsulfuration to cysteine (using vitamin B6).
- Other names
- Homocysteine CycleMethionine-Homocysteine CycleTranssulfuration PathwayRemethylation Pathway
02
Mechanism of action
Folic acid, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 act as cofactors for enzymes within the pathway, supporting homocysteine remethylation or transsulfuration. Betaine donates a methyl group to homocysteine, facilitating remethylation to methionine.
03
Biological functions
Methionine metabolismCysteine biosynthesisFolate metabolismVitamin B12 metabolismRegulation of homocysteine levelsAmino acid metabolism
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular diseaseStrokeNeurodegenerative disordersNeural tube defectsHyperhomocysteinemiaVascular diseasePregnancy complications
05
Safety considerations
Hyperhomocysteinemia can lead to increased risk of thrombosis and vascular damage.Vitamin deficiencies can impair pathway function.Genetic mutations in pathway enzymes can disrupt homocysteine metabolism.
06
Interacting drugs
Folic acid
3 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Plasma homocysteine levelsFolate levelsVitamin B12 levelsVitamin B6 levelsMTHFR genotypeCBS activity
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