Host adaptive immune system via presentation of Rift Valley fever virus antigens

Host adaptive immune system via presentation of Rift Valley fever virus antigens refers to the physiological process by which the host immune system recognizes and mounts a defense against the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This process involves the proteolytic processing of viral proteins—most notably the Gn and Gc glycoproteins and the nucleocapsid (N) protein—into peptide fragments that are subsequently loaded onto Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II molecules (PubMed: 31405113). These complexes are presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells to T lymphocytes, triggering the activation of CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, as well as the production of neutralizing antibodies by B cells (PubMed: 28834710). RVFV is a significant zoonotic bunyavirus that causes severe disease in livestock and humans, including hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis (CDC, 2020). While this mechanism is the primary target of vaccine development strategies, it represents a complex biological pathway involving multiple host and viral components rather than a single druggable molecule or receptor. Consequently, this entry is classified as a biological process rather than a specific molecular target.

Other names

Rift Valley fever virus antigen presentationRVFV adaptive immune response activationPresentation of RVFV antigens

Induction of protective immunity by presenting viral epitopes (primarily from Gn, Gc, or N proteins) via MHC class I and II molecules to stimulate T-cell and B-cell responses.