Host cell factor 1 (HCFC1)

Host cell factor 1 (HCFC1) is a highly conserved nuclear protein that acts as a transcriptional coregulator and chromatin modifier[1][4]. It is essential for cell cycle progression, gene transcription regulation, and chromatin state modulation[1][3][4]. Structurally, HCFC1 is processed into N- and C-terminal chains that noncovalently associate, featuring Kelch repeats, fibronectin-like motifs, and several characteristic cleavage sites[1][2]. It is required for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate-early genes, interacting with viral and cellular transcription factors (such as VP16 and Oct-1)[2][4]. Beyond its role in viral response, HCFC1 directly participates in pre-mRNA splicing as a stable component of the spliceosome and is involved in the regulation of key genes for development and cell proliferation[2][3]. Mutations in HCFC1 are associated with severe neurodevelopmental and metabolic disorders such as cobalamin X (cblX) type methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria[3][4]. Its pleiotropic function and central position in cellular regulation make it an emerging therapeutic target, but potential interventions must consider safety, as global inhibition can disrupt fundamental cellular processes[4].

Other names

HCF1HCF-1HCFVP16-accessory proteinCFFVCAFC1 factorprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 89MGC70925PPP1R89XLID3MRX3

Modulation of transcription (via coregulator activity), Regulation of cell cycle and chromatin state, Facilitation of viral gene expression (e.g., HSV infection), Control of splicing factor assembly