Host cell genome and transcription–translation machinery

The host cell genome and transcription–translation machinery refers to the integrated system of organelles, enzymes, and nucleic acids that govern the flow of genetic information from DNA to functional proteins. This complex includes the nuclear genome, RNA polymerases, and the ribosomal translation apparatus, including initiation and elongation factors (PMID: 32511329). In many disease states, particularly viral infections, the pathogen hijacks these host systems to facilitate its own replication and protein synthesis, making the machinery a focal point for host-directed therapeutic strategies (PMID: 33073217). Drugs such as plitidepsin and silvestrol target specific host translation factors like eEF1A and eIF4A to disrupt these processes and inhibit viral load (PMID: 33483474). However, because these pathways are essential for normal cellular homeostasis, therapeutic intervention carries a high risk of systemic toxicity and requires precise targeting to achieve a viable therapeutic window (PMID: 28439030).

Other names

Host cell machineryHost translation systemCellular biosynthetic machineryHost transcriptional apparatusHost cell protein synthesis machinery

Inhibition of host protein synthesis through the targeting of translation initiation or elongation factors, or interference with DNA-dependent RNA synthesis and genomic stability.