Host cell sialic acid-containing receptors (SA-receptors)

Host cell sialic acid-containing receptors are a diverse group of glycoconjugates, including glycoproteins and glycolipids, that feature terminal sialic acid residues on the cell surface [1]. These receptors are essential for various physiological processes such as cell-cell adhesion, signal transduction, and the regulation of the immune response through interactions with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) [1, 4]. They are most notably recognized as the primary attachment points for a wide range of pathogens, including influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and certain bacteria [2]. Influenza viruses utilize their hemagglutinin protein to bind specifically to α2,3- or α2,6-linked sialic acids, which determines host range and tissue tropism [2]. Therapeutic interventions targeting these receptors include the drug DAS181, a recombinant sialidase that enzymatically removes sialic acid from the host cell surface to prevent viral entry [3]. Additionally, the hypersialylation of cancer cells often leads to immune evasion by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors on immune cells, making these glycans a target for novel glyco-immune checkpoint inhibitors [4].

Other names

Sialic acid receptorsSialoglycansSialoglycoproteinsSialoglycolipidsN-acetylneuraminic acid receptorsNeu5Ac receptorsSialic acid-binding sites

Enzymatic removal of terminal sialic acid residues to prevent pathogen attachment; Inhibition of viral neuraminidase to prevent release from host receptors; Blockade of Siglec-mediated inhibitory signaling in cancer.