Host cell surface proteins

Host cell surface proteins represent a broad category of molecules, including receptors, transporters, and enzymes, that are embedded in or associated with the plasma membrane of human cells [1, 13]. These proteins are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, facilitating signal transduction, and mediating interactions between the cell and its external environment [1, 2]. In the context of infectious diseases, many pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, exploit specific host cell surface proteins (e.g., ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 or CD4 for HIV) as entry receptors to gain access to the cytosol [6, 8]. Consequently, individual proteins within this class are primary therapeutic targets for monoclonal antibodies and small molecules designed to block pathogen entry or modulate aberrant signaling in conditions like cancer and autoimmune disorders [2, 11]. Because they are accessible on the cell exterior, they also serve as critical diagnostic biomarkers and targets for advanced cell-based therapies [2, 12].

Other names

Cell surface receptorsMembrane proteinsSurface antigensCD markersExtracellular membrane proteins

Drugs targeting specific host cell surface proteins typically act by inhibiting viral entry, modulating intracellular signal transduction, blocking receptor-ligand interactions, or inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).