Host flavoenzymes using FMN or FAD

Host flavoenzymes using FMN or FAD are a diverse group of enzymes that utilize flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as essential cofactors for their catalytic activity. These enzymes are primarily oxidoreductases and play critical roles in various cellular processes, including redox homeostasis, energy metabolism, and the post-translational maturation of proteins. In the context of pharmacology, these host enzymes have emerged as significant therapeutic targets for broad-spectrum antiviral and antiparasitic agents, most notably nitazoxanide and its active metabolite tizoxanide. By inhibiting specific host flavoenzymes, such as those involved in the maturation of viral glycoproteins (e.g., hemagglutinin) or the regulation of the unfolded protein response, these drugs can disrupt the replication cycle of a wide range of viruses, including influenza and coronaviruses. Additionally, certain host flavoenzymes like NQO1 are targeted in cancer therapy to modulate oxidative stress and induce apoptosis in malignant cells.

Other names

Host cell flavoenzymesFMN/FAD-dependent host enzymesFlavin-dependent host enzymesHost-regulated flavoenzymes

Inhibition of host-mediated viral protein maturation and disruption of cellular redox homeostasis