Host immune modulation via microbial metabolites

This entry describes the broad mechanism by which **microbial metabolites**—such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan catabolites—modulate the host immune response via interaction with host immune cells and receptors (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor). These microbial products regulate immune cell differentiation (including regulatory T cells, T helper cells, and innate lymphoid cells), enhance or suppress inflammatory responses, and shape mucosal barrier function[1][2][3][6]. Dysregulation of these host-microbe interactions is associated with a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune conditions, and infections. However, "host immune modulation via microbial metabolites" is not a molecular entity but a functional process, and therefore is not a valid single drug target, receptor, or discrete molecular classification.

Other names

Host-microbiome immune interactionMicrobial metabolite-mediated immune modulationMicrobiota-derived metabolite immune regulation