Host immune response modulators

The phrase "Host immune response modulators" refers to a diverse group of natural and synthetic substances that modify the activity of the host immune system. These include cytokines, immunomodulatory drugs, vaccines (such as BCG), biological response modifiers, and therapies targeting immune signaling pathways. Their clinical applications are broad and encompass the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, infections, and inflammatory conditions. Rather than being a specific molecule, this term designates a pharmacological or therapeutic approach and includes a range of structurally distinct drug classes.

Other names

immune system modulatorsimmunomodulatorsimmune response modulatorsimmune modulatory agentsimmunotherapeutic agents

Upregulation or downregulation of immune cell function; Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines; Activation of immune effector cells (such as T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells); Blockade/enhancement of specific immune pathways; Promotion of antibody production; Direct antimicrobial or antitumor effects.