Host innate and mucosal immune system

The host innate and mucosal immune system serves as the primary defense mechanism against exogenous pathogens and maintains tissue homeostasis. The innate immune system relies on germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors, to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (Janeway & Medzhitov, 2002, Annu Rev Immunol). The mucosal immune system is a specialized compartment protecting the body's extensive mucosal surfaces, including the gut and lungs, through the action of secretory IgA and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (Mowat & Agace, 2014, Nat Rev Immunol). Dysregulation of these systems is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and asthma (Artis, 2008, Nat Rev Immunol). Although it is a complex system rather than a single molecular target, various components are therapeutically addressed using vaccines, adjuvants, and biological modifiers to enhance or suppress immune activity (Pashine et al., 2005, Nat Med). This system is critical for distinguishing between harmless commensal organisms and potential threats, a process essential for preventing unnecessary inflammatory responses (Belkaid & Hand, 2014, Science). Therapeutic strategies often focus on specific receptors or cytokines within this system to restore balance or provide protection (Kuo et al., 2013, Science).

Other names

Innate immune systemMucosal immune systemMISNon-specific immune systemMucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Modulation of pattern recognition receptors, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulation of lymphocyte trafficking, and enhancement of mucosal barrier function.