HSV entry receptors

HSV entry receptors are a group of cellular proteins that facilitate the binding, fusion, and penetration of herpes simplex virus into host cells. The major known HSV entry receptors include nectin-1 and nectin-2 (immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules), HVEM (a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family), and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate. For HSV-1, PILRα has also been identified as a gB coreceptor in certain cell types. These receptors have non-redundant physiological functions in cell adhesion and immune modulation but are hijacked by HSV to mediate entry. The type of receptor used varies by cell type and viral strain, and multiple receptors may be used in parallel or redundantly. Antiviral strategies have focused on blocking these interactions, but their physiological roles complicate direct targeting.

Other names

HSV entry coreceptorsHerpes simplex virus entry receptorsHSV gD receptorsHSV gB receptor

Competitive inhibition of viral attachment or fusion (soluble receptors/antibodies block access to cellular receptors) Preventing conformational change in viral glycoproteins required for membrane fusion and entry Inhibiting virus spread and cell-cell fusion