Human B-cell receptor (BCR)

Human B-cell receptors (BCRs) are transmembrane protein complexes located on the surface of B lymphocytes, consisting of an antigen-binding immunoglobulin molecule associated with signaling subunits (Janeway et al., 2001, Immunobiology). In the context of HIV-1 research, BCRs that recognize epitopes on the BG505 Env trimer—a stabilized, native-like mimic of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein—are the primary focus for inducing protective immunity (Sanders et al., 2013, PLoS Pathogens). These receptors are responsible for detecting the virus and initiating the B-cell activation and affinity maturation processes required to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Therapeutic strategies, such as germline-targeting vaccines, utilize engineered immunogens like BG505 SOSIP.664 or eOD-GT8 to specifically bind and activate precursor BCRs with the potential to evolve into bNAbs (Jardine et al., 2013, Science). By precisely engaging these receptors, researchers aim to overcome the challenges of HIV-1's high mutation rate and glycan shielding (Julien et al., 2013, Science). This target is essential for developing a preventative vaccine that can provide long-lasting protection against diverse HIV-1 strains (NIH, 2023).

Other names

B-lymphocyte antigen receptorSurface immunoglobulinsIgAntigen-specific B-cell receptorHIV-1 Env-specific B-cell receptor

Binding of specific HIV-1 envelope immunogens to the B-cell receptor induces receptor clustering and intracellular signaling, leading to B-cell expansion and the development of neutralizing antibodies (Schief et al., 2015, Science).