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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Human DNA Polymerase Gamma (Pol γ)
- Target
- Pol γ
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, DNA Polymerase, Family A DNA Polymerase
01
Overview
Human DNA polymerase gamma (Pol γ) is the sole DNA polymerase responsible for replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human cells. It is a heterotrimeric enzyme consisting of one catalytic subunit (Pol γA, encoded by POLG) and two accessory subunits (Pol γB, encoded by POLG2). Mutations in POLG are linked to various mitochondrial diseases due to compromised mtDNA maintenance. It plays essential roles in mtDNA replication and repair processes within mitochondria. Certain antiretroviral drugs targeting HIV reverse transcriptase can inadvertently inhibit Pol γ function, leading to toxicity.
- Other names
- POLGDNA polymerase γMitochondrial DNA polymerase
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of DNA polymerase activity
03
Biological functions
Mitochondrial DNA replicationMitochondrial DNA repairBase excision repair
04
Disease associations
Mitochondrial diseaseProgressive external ophthalmoplegiaAlpers-Huttenlocher syndromeAtaxia-neuropathy syndromes
05
Safety considerations
Drug-induced mitochondrial toxicityPotential for off-target effects with certain polymerase inhibitors
06
Interacting drugs
Antiretroviral drugs (e.g., some HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
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