Human immunodeficiency virus 1 mosaic glycoprotein 140 envelope protein (Mosaic gp140)

The Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) mosaic glycoprotein 140 envelope protein is a bioinformatically engineered immunogen designed to address the extreme genetic diversity of HIV-1 (Source [1]). It is a soluble, trimeric form of the viral envelope (Env) protein, consisting of the gp120 subunit and the ectodomain of the gp41 subunit, often stabilized to mimic the native viral spike (Source [1], [15]). Unlike natural Env proteins, mosaic antigens are computationally optimized to maximize the coverage of potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes across multiple global HIV-1 clades (Source [1], [3]). This approach is intended to elicit a broad immune response, including the induction of neutralizing antibodies and the activation of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Source [3], [9]). In clinical development, Mosaic gp140 has been evaluated as a key component of heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens, such as those using Adenovirus 26 (Ad26) and Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors (Source [3], [5]). While these regimens, including the Imbokodo and Mosaico trials, successfully induced robust binding antibody and cellular responses, they have struggled to demonstrate significant protective efficacy against HIV-1 infection in large-scale efficacy studies (Source [4], [9]). The protein's biological function involves binding to the host CD4 receptor and coreceptors to facilitate viral entry, making it a primary target for vaccine-induced immunity (Source [6], [15]). Safety assessments indicate that the protein is generally well-tolerated, with common adverse events being mild to moderate injection site reactions and systemic symptoms like fatigue (Source [3], [7]).

Other names

HIV-1 Mosaic gp140 envelope glycoproteinMosaic M gp140Mos1 gp140Mosaic Env gp140Mosaic M trimerMosM gp140HIV-1 Env gp140 (mosaic)

The mosaic gp140 glycoprotein serves as a vaccine immunogen that induces the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies and activates polyfunctional T-cell responses (Source [1], [3]). By presenting bioinformatically optimized epitopes from multiple HIV-1 clades, it aims to provide broad coverage against the global diversity of HIV-1 strains, preventing viral entry by blocking the interaction between the viral envelope and host cell receptors (Source [1], [15]).