Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (clade AE) (HIV-1 Env (clade AE))

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the essential surface protein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, responsible for mediating viral entry into host cells [1, 10]. It is synthesized as a gp160 precursor that is subsequently cleaved by host proteases into two non-covalently associated subunits: the surface glycoprotein gp120 and the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 [11, 12]. Clade AE, specifically the circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE, is a predominant lineage in Southeast Asia and has been a primary focus of vaccine research, most notably in the RV144 'Thai trial' [3, 8]. Env functions by binding to the host CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (typically CCR5 or CXCR4), triggering a series of conformational changes that lead to gp41-mediated fusion of the viral and cellular membranes [1, 10, 12]. As the only viral protein exposed on the virion surface, it is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies and the focus of various therapeutic interventions [4, 10]. Therapeutic strategies include attachment inhibitors}

Other names

HIV-1 Env (clade AE)CRF01_AE Envgp160 (clade AE)gp120 (clade AE)gp41 (clade AE)HIV-1 envelope antigen (clade AE)HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (clade AE)