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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp41 (gp41)
- Target
- gp41
- Molecular classification
- Viral protein, Envelope glycoprotein, Fusion protein
01
Overview
gp41 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that forms part of the envelope protein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It is essential for viral entry into host cells by mediating the fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. After HIV binds to CD4 receptors and co-receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 via gp120, conformational changes expose regions of both subunits. Gp41 inserts its fusion peptide into the target cell membrane, then refolds to bring viral and cellular membranes together for fusion—an essential step for HIV entry into host cells. Compared to highly variable gp120, gp41 is more conserved across different HIV strains but less heavily glycosylated. This conservation makes it an attractive target for vaccine development and antiviral drugs.
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of HIV-cell membrane fusion by blocking six-helical bundle formation
03
Biological functions
Viral entryMembrane fusionReceptor binding
04
Disease associations
HIV-1 infectionAIDS
05
Safety considerations
Potential for resistance mutationsChallenges in eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodiesComplexity of the fusion process
06
Interacting drugs
Enfuvirtide
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