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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) group-specific antigen (Gag) polyprotein is a major structural protein essential for the assembly, budding, and release of HIV-1 virions from infected cells. The Gag polyprotein is encoded by the gag gene and is translated as a single precursor that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to yield several mature proteins critical for viral structure and function. These include Matrix protein (MA), Capsid protein (CA), Nucleocapsid protein (NC), Spacer peptides p1 and p2 and p6 protein. Each cleaved domain carries out distinct roles which allows the correct viral particle to form and be infectious. Mutations or failed processing disrupt these processes, leading to defective or noninfectious viruses.
Protease inhibitors prevent the cleavage of Gag polyprotein, resulting in non-infectious viral particles.
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