Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA at tat exons (HIV-1 proviral DNA (tat))

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA at the tat exons represents a critical genomic target for curative strategies against HIV/AIDS. The tat gene encodes the Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) protein, which is essential for the efficient elongation of viral transcripts by binding to the Trans-Activation Response (TAR) element. Without a functional Tat protein, HIV-1 transcription remains at basal, inefficient levels, effectively preventing viral replication and the production of new virions. Targeting the DNA sequence of the tat exons, particularly through gene-editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, aims to permanently disrupt or excise the proviral genome from host cells. This approach is a cornerstone of 'excision' therapy, which seeks to eliminate the latent HIV reservoir that persists in resting CD4+ T cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). By disabling the tat gene at the DNA level, researchers hope to achieve a functional cure where the virus can no longer rebound even in the absence of daily medication.

Other names

HIV-1 tat geneHIV-1 trans-activator of transcription DNAHIV-1 proviral tat exonsTat exon 1Tat exon 2

Gene editing and excision of proviral DNA sequences to disrupt viral replication and eliminate the latent reservoir.