Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are a group of genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) located on chromosome 6 in humans. These genes encode cell-surface proteins that play a central role in regulating the immune system by distinguishing between self and non-self molecules. HLA molecules are essential for presenting antigenic peptides to T-cell receptors, thereby initiating immune responses against pathogens or abnormal cells. They are critical for immune surveillance, transplantation compatibility, and are associated with various autoimmune diseases.

Binding and presentation of antigenic peptides to T-cell receptors, triggering immune responses. Drugs can modulate HLA expression or block HLA-TCR interaction.