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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G)
- Target
- HLA-G
- Molecular classification
- MHC class I molecule, Receptor
01
Overview
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a non-classical MHC class I molecule with limited polymorphism and restricted tissue distribution. It plays a crucial role in immune tolerance, particularly at the maternal-fetal interface. Aberrant expression is observed in cancers and other diseases, where it contributes to immune evasion. HLA-G interacts with inhibitory receptors on immune cells, suppressing their effector functions. It is considered an emerging target for immunotherapy, with potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various diseases.
- Other names
- MHC class Ib molecule
02
Mechanism of action
Direct inhibition of immune cells via receptor engagement (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85J and LILRB2/ILT4/CD85d); Indirect induction of regulatory/suppressive immune cells; Downregulation of classical MHC class I molecules; Modulation of cytokine environment
03
Biological functions
Immune tolerance inductionInhibition of CTL/NK/DC functionPeptide presentation
04
Disease associations
CancerInflammationAutoimmune disordersPregnancy-related complicationsViral infectionsTransplantation
05
Safety considerations
Potential for immune suppression leading to increased susceptibility to infectionRisk of promoting tumor growth in some contexts
06
Biomarkers
Soluble HLA-G levels in cancerMembrane-bound HLA-G levels in cancerHLA-G levels in pregnancy-related complications
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