Human norovirus protein receptor

The unidentified HBGA-independent receptor on intestinal epithelial cells refers to the hypothesized proteinaceous factor required for the entry and internalization of human noroviruses (HuNoVs). While HuNoVs utilize Histo-Blood Group Antigens (HBGAs) as primary attachment factors, the existence of an additional, likely protein-based receptor is supported by the ability of certain strains to infect non-secretor individuals who lack specific HBGAs. This receptor is thought to be expressed on the surface of enterocytes or enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine. Recent research has identified sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a functional receptor for bile-acid-dependent HuNoV strains, such as GII.3 and GII.17, but the specific receptor for the globally dominant GII.4 genotype remains unidentified. This missing link is a high-priority target for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals and vaccines, as blocking the interaction between the viral capsid and this host receptor could prevent infection. Current therapeutic strategies focus on small molecule inhibitors of entry and experimental compounds that target identified co-receptors or the viral capsid itself.

Other names

Unidentified HBGA-independent receptor on intestinal epithelial cellsPutative human norovirus receptorHuNoV protein receptorNon-HBGA norovirus receptorHuman norovirus entry receptor