Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 envelope glycoprotein gp46 (HTLV-2 gp46) (HTLV-2 gp46)

Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 envelope glycoprotein gp46 is the surface subunit (SU) of the viral envelope complex, essential for the infectivity of the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) (UniProt P03382). It is generated through the proteolytic cleavage of the gp61 precursor protein into gp46 and the transmembrane subunit gp21. The primary biological role of gp46 is to mediate viral attachment to host cells by interacting with the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) receptor and neuropilin-1 (PubMed: 15140980). This binding event triggers conformational changes in the associated gp21 subunit, facilitating the fusion of viral and cellular membranes for capsid entry. While HTLV-2 is generally less pathogenic than HTLV-1, it has been linked to rare neurological disorders and increased susceptibility to certain infections (PubMed: 22355463). As a prominent surface antigen, gp46 is a critical target for the development of diagnostic serological assays, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, and prophylactic vaccines.

Other names

Surface glycoprotein gp46HTLV-II gp46Envelope surface glycoprotein gp46SUHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus 2 envelope glycoprotein gp46

Neutralization of viral entry by blocking the interaction between the gp46 subunit and host cell receptors such as GLUT1.