Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp46 proline-rich region (HTLV-1 gp46 PRR)

The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp46 is the surface (SU) subunit responsible for viral attachment and entry into host T-cells. Within gp46, the central proline-rich region (PRR) serves as a critical flexible linker between the N-terminal receptor-binding domain and the C-terminal domain (UniProt P03381). This region is essential for transmitting the signal of receptor binding to the transmembrane subunit (gp21), thereby triggering the conformational changes required for membrane fusion (Garrus et al., J Virol, 2000). As a highly conserved and immunodominant segment, the PRR is a major target for neutralizing antibodies that can block viral infection and syncytium formation (Pique et al., J Virol, 1992). Therapeutic strategies focusing on this region include the development of monoclonal antibodies and subunit vaccines intended to prevent or treat HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) (Kim et al., J Biol Chem, 2004).

Other names

HTLV-1 gp46 central regionHTLV-1 SU proline-rich regionSurface glycoprotein gp46 PRRgp46 hinge region

Neutralization of viral particles, inhibition of viral entry into host cells, and prevention of syncytia formation by blocking conformational changes required for membrane fusion.