Human T-cell receptors recognizing Mos3.1-derived HIV-1 Env peptides presented by MHC

These T-cell receptors (TCRs) represent a specialized population of immune receptors that specifically recognize peptides derived from the Mos3.1 mosaic HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein when presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. Mos3.1 is a rationally designed mosaic immunogen, often used in combination with Mos3.2 and Mos3.3, intended to provide broad coverage against the high genetic diversity of HIV-1 Group M by incorporating conserved and common potential T-cell epitopes. The induction and activation of T cells bearing these TCRs are primary goals of mosaic HIV vaccine strategies, such as those evaluated in the EAVI2020 and HVTN clinical trials, as they provide a cellular immune response capable of identifying and eliminating HIV-infected cells. These TCRs mediate the recognition of infected cells through the binding of specific peptide-MHC complexes, triggering T-cell proliferation and the release of antiviral cytokines like IFN-gamma. Beyond vaccine evaluation, these TCRs are of interest for the development of adoptive T-cell therapies (TCR-T), where high-affinity TCR sequences are engineered into patient T cells to target the HIV reservoir. Therapeutic challenges include the potential for viral escape through epitope mutations and the risk of off-target cross-reactivity with human self-peptides.

Other names

Mos3.1-specific T-cell receptorsMosaic 3.1 HIV-1 Env TCRsHIV-1 Env mosaic-specific TCRsMos3.1-restricted T-cell receptors

Recognition of specific HIV-1 Env peptides presented by MHC molecules, leading to T-cell activation and effector functions.