Hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel (None)

Hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is the primary inorganic constituent of dental enamel, the hardest tissue in the human body[1][2][3][4][6]. Chemically, it is a crystalline calcium phosphate mineral with the formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, although in enamel it is typically carbonated and incorporates various trace elements, which alter its chemical and physical resistance[4][5][6]. Enamel hydroxyapatite is organized into long, densely packed crystals that aggregate into rods/prisms, granting enamel its durability and protective function. It insulates the tooth, reduces sensitivity, and creates the outer surface that supports mastication[1][3][4][6]. Enamel is acellular and non-renewable post-eruption; it cannot self-repair beyond early remineralization processes. Its mineral lattice is susceptible to acid, leading to carious lesions if not protected by saliva or remineralizing interventions. While hydroxyapatite is essential for enamel structure, it is not itself a molecular drug target or receptor; rather, oral health interventions aim to preserve it or convert it to more resistant forms (like fluorapatite) through topical agents[1][2][5][6].

Other names

Hydroxyapatite (in the context of enamel)Enamel hydroxyapatiteCarbonated hydroxyapatite

Remineralization: Fluoride promotes the conversion of hydroxyapatite to the more acid-resistant fluorapatite Mineral supplementation: Increases supersaturation, driving remineralization/enamel repair Some bleaching agents and acids act by demineralizing or etching enamel, altering hydroxyapatite structure