Hydroxytyrosol (HT)

Hydroxytyrosol is a low molecular weight phenolic alcoholic compound (C8H10O3), naturally abundant in olives and their oil. It belongs to the catechol group, with a benzene ring ortho-substituted with two hydroxyl groups and an ethyl alcohol side chain. Hydroxytyrosol is highly water-soluble and permeable, contributing to its robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which are utilized in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and experimental therapeutics. Unlike classical drug targets, hydroxytyrosol itself is a bioactive agent that neutralizes reactive oxygen species, inhibits lipid peroxidation, reduces inflammatory signaling, and protects against apoptosis and cellular damage in vitro and in vivo. Safety data are favorable, particularly at doses found in food, and its biological effects are notable mainly in the context of health promotion and disease prevention.

Other names

Dihydroxyphenylethanol3,4-DihydroxyphenylethanolHTOleuropein aglycone metabolite

Not applicable; acts via free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory pathways