Target intelligence / Profile preview

Hypercitrullination

Molecular classification
Post-translational modification, Protein modification, Enzymatic process
01

Overview

Hypercitrullination is the excessive citrullination of multiple intracellular proteins, primarily in immune cells, driven by overactivation of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. This process is often triggered by a rapid influx of calcium ions into the cell cytoplasm, frequently due to membranolytic pathways like the perforin-granzyme pathway or complement activation. Hypercitrullination is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, where it generates neoantigens that drive autoimmunity through the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs).

Other names
Cellular hypercitrullinationLeukotoxic hypercitrullinationExcessive protein citrullination
02

Mechanism of action

N/A (Hypercitrullination is a process, not a drug target with a defined mechanism of action.)

03

Biological functions

Protein modificationImmune response modulationNeoantigen generationCell death regulation (context-dependent)
04

Disease associations

Rheumatoid arthritisAutoimmunityInflammation
05

Safety considerations

Potential for off-target effects if targeting PAD enzymes directlyComplexity of modulating calcium influx without affecting other cellular processes
06

Interacting drugs

A23187

1 more in the full profile.

07

Biomarkers

Citrullinated proteins in synovial fluidAnti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs)

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