Hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1)

Hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) is a major adhesin and glycoprotein expressed on the surface of the hyphal (filamentous) form of *Candida albicans* and some related fungi[2][6]. HWP1 is critical for hyphal development, adhesion to host epithelial cells, and establishment of biofilms, all of which are essential for virulence and pathogenicity in mucosal and systemic candidiasis[1][3][6]. HWP1 enables strong attachment to human tissues by serving as a substrate for mammalian transglutaminase, forming covalent bonds to host cell surfaces[2]. It is widely used as a molecular marker for discriminating *Candida albicans* from closely related species[3][4]. There is also evidence of sequence homology between HWP1 and gluten proteins, suggesting possible involvement in molecular mimicry related to autoimmune syndromes such as celiac disease, though the functional implications in human disease remain speculative[2]. HWP1 itself is not a current target for antifungal drugs but serves as a model for developing therapies that disrupt fungal adhesion and biofilm formation.

Other names

HWP1Hyphal wall protein-1Hyphal wall protein 1 (C. albicans)Hyphal wall glycoprotein

Not applicable for drugs, but HWP1 facilitates adhesion through mammalian transglutaminase-mediated covalent bonding, enabling fungal persistence on host epithelial surfaces[2]. Theoretical: Inhibition of HWP1 expression interferes with biofilm formation and host adhesion, reducing virulence[1].