Immune cell surface receptors and membrane proteins

Immune cell surface receptors and membrane proteins encompass a broad class of molecules expressed on the surface of leukocytes that mediate the immune system's ability to sense and respond to the environment. These proteins include antigen receptors (TCR/BCR), co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules (checkpoints), cytokine receptors, and adhesion molecules [1][3]. They are essential for orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses, including cell activation, migration, and effector functions. In many diseases, these proteins are dysregulated; for instance, overexpressed inhibitory checkpoints like PD-1 allow tumors to evade immune surveillance [2]. Consequently, this category contains some of the most successful therapeutic targets in modern medicine, particularly for cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of autoimmune disorders [2][3]. Therapeutic interventions include monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitory signals or small molecules that inhibit downstream signaling kinases. References: [1] Zola H, et al. (2007) Blood; [2] Pardoll DM. (2012) Nat Rev Cancer; [3] Abbas AK, et al. (2021) Cellular and Molecular Immunology; [4] Smith-Garvin JE, et al. (2009) Annu Rev Immunol.

Other names

Cluster of Differentiation antigensCD antigensLeukocyte surface markersImmunoreceptorsImmune checkpoints

Modulation of immune activity through checkpoint blockade, receptor agonism/antagonism, or targeted cell depletion.