Immune homeostasis pathways

Immune homeostasis pathways" refers to a collective network of molecular signaling and metabolic pathways that maintain the balance and proper functioning of the immune system. These include nutrient-sensing pathways, immune cell metabolic reprogramming, cytokine-mediated signaling, and mechanisms governing the activation, differentiation, and suppression of immune cells like T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and others. Disruptions or targeted modulation of these pathways play central roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases[2][1][3][4][7]. These pathways comprise a large and heterogeneous set of molecular targets, including, but not limited to, metabolic enzymes (e.g., those controlling glycolysis, lipid metabolism), immune checkpoint proteins, cytokine receptors, and intracellular innate immune sensors (such as NOD-like receptors), each being potential drug targets in their own right[1][2][3][4]. The term should not be used as a single molecular/therapeutic target but rather as a conceptual category describing the interconnected signaling and metabolic processes that collectively govern immune equilibrium in health and disease.

Other names

Immune regulatory pathwaysImmunometabolic pathwaysImmune regulationImmunometabolism