Immune system (MF59-adjuvanted Hemagglutinin)

The 'Immune system – broad immune activation via MF59 adjuvant and HA antigen presentation' refers to a vaccine strategy rather than a single molecular target. This approach utilizes MF59, a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion, to enhance the host's immune response to the influenza Hemagglutinin (HA) antigen (O'Hagan et al., 2013). MF59 functions by creating a local 'immunocompetent environment' at the injection site, triggering the secretion of chemokines such as CCL2 and CXCL8, which recruit monocytes and dendritic cells (Seubert et al., 2008). These recruited cells efficiently take up the HA antigen and migrate to the draining lymph nodes to facilitate antigen presentation to T-cells and B-cells (Podda, 2001). This mechanism results in increased antibody titers, greater breadth of protection against drifted viral strains, and improved memory responses, particularly in elderly populations (Wilkins et al., 2017). While highly effective as an immunostimulant, it is associated with increased local reactogenicity compared to non-adjuvanted vaccines.

Other names

MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccineFluadSqualene-based adjuvant systemHA/MF59

MF59 induces a local immunostimulatory environment, recruiting antigen-presenting cells that process and present the Hemagglutinin antigen to lymphocytes.