Immune tolerance to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens (HDM-AIT)

Immune tolerance to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens refers to the physiological state in which the immune system no longer mounts a hypersensitive Th2-mediated response to house dust mite (HDM) proteins. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is a primary source of indoor allergens globally, including major proteins like Der p 1 and Der p 2, which trigger allergic rhinitis and asthma in sensitized individuals (Source: PMID: 25034147). This tolerance is typically induced through allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), which involves the controlled administration of HDM extracts to reprogram the immune system. The therapeutic goal is to shift the immune profile from an IgE-dominated inflammatory state to one characterized by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the production of protective blocking IgG4 antibodies (Source: PMID: 24942081). Drugs targeting this process are standardized allergen extracts administered sublingually or subcutaneously to achieve long-term clinical desensitization. Successful induction of tolerance not only reduces immediate symptoms but also provides a disease-modifying effect that can prevent the progression from rhinitis to asthma (Source: PMID: 30103932).

Other names

House dust mite allergen immunotherapyHDM desensitizationDermatophagoides pteronyssinus immunotherapyHDM tolerance inductionHouse dust mite allergy desensitization

Induction of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells, production of blocking antibodies (IgG4 and IgA), and a shift from a Th2-biased immune response to a Th1-biased or tolerant state.