Immunologic system

The immunologic system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, while maintaining self-tolerance (StatPearls, NBK459471). It is broadly divided into the innate immune system, which provides immediate, non-specific defense, and the adaptive immune system, which offers highly specific, long-lasting protection (NIH, NBK279364). In a therapeutic context, the immunologic system is not a single target but rather a collection of thousands of potential molecular targets, including receptors, cytokines, and signaling enzymes. Dysregulation of this system leads to a wide range of pathologies, including autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and increased susceptibility to infections or cancer. Drugs typically modulate specific components of the system—such as TNF-alpha inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis or checkpoint inhibitors for oncology—rather than targeting the system as a whole.

Other names

Immune systemLymphatic systemHost defense system

Not applicable as this refers to a whole physiological system rather than a specific molecular target.