Immunomodulation by paracrine signaling

Immunomodulation by paracrine signaling refers to the regulation of immune cell behavior through the secretion of soluble factors (paracrine factors), such as cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, by cells like mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) or other tissue-resident cells. These paracrine mediators act locally on neighboring immune and stromal cells to influence immune responses, typically suppressing inflammation, promoting regulatory phenotypes, or facilitating tissue repair[1][5][3][2]. The process involves multiple well-characterized molecules (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β, IDO, PGE2, HGF) and their corresponding receptors. However, 'immunomodulation by paracrine signaling' itself is not a discrete molecular target, but a complex biological phenomenon underlying the actions of various cell therapies and regenerative interventions[3][5][7][1].

Other names

Paracrine immunomodulationMSC paracrine immunoregulationStem cell paracrine immunomodulation