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Immunomodulation via Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC immunomodulation)

Target: MSC immunomodulation

Overview

Immunomodulation via mesenchymal stem cells refers to their ability to regulate immune responses through secretion of various cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL 6), interleukin 10 (IL 10), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂), chemokines CCL5/CCL9/CXCR3 ligands among others. These factors collectively inhibit proinflammatory immune activities like those mediated by Th17/T helper type I(ThI)/B lymphocytes while promoting expansion/survival/functionalityofregulatoryTcells(Treg). Additionally,MSCscanpolarizemacrophagesfromproinflammatory(MI)towardantiinflammatory(MII)phentypeandinhibitdifferentiationintodendriticcells(DCs).Thisprocessinvolvesbothdirectcellcontactdependentandsolublefactormediatedeffects.Mesenchymals temcellsarebeinginvestigatedfortheirtreatmentpotentialinautoimmunediseases,graftversushostdisease,andsepsisamongotherconditions.[1][2]

Other names: Mesenchymal stromal cell immunoregulatory functionMSC-mediated immunosuppressionImmunosuppression by mesenchymal stem cellsMesenchymal stromal cell immunoregulatory effect

Biological functions

Immune response regulationAnti-inflammatory activityInhibition of T-cell proliferationInhibition of B-cell proliferationPromotion of regulatory T-cell expansionMacrophage polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype

Disease associations

Autoimmune disease treatment potentialSepsis management potentialTransplant medicine applications (graft-versus-host disease prevention)

Safety considerations

Tumorigenic risk from living MSCs remains uncertain;[2]Risk for unintended immunosuppression;Variability in MSC potency depending on source/preparation.

Biomarkers

Levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL 6 or TNF-alpha may serve as biomarkers for monitoring efficacy after treatment with mesenchymal stem cells.

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