Immunomodulation via paracrine signaling by mesenchymal stromal cell

The phrase "Immunomodulation via paracrine signaling by mesenchymal stromal cell" does not refer to a single, discrete molecular target, receptor, or protein; rather, it describes a complex cellular process in which mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, modulate immune responses by secreting a diverse array of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. These secreted products (collectively called the "secretome") include cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and microRNAs, which act on immune and tissue cells in a paracrine manner—meaning they affect nearby cells rather than the cells themselves[1][2][4][5]. Key immunomodulatory effects include the polarization of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype, suppression of inflammatory cytokine production, and promotion of tissue repair and regeneration. This multifaceted activity is implicated in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of various inflammatory, degenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, while these paracrine mechanisms are actively explored for therapeutic applications, MSC immunomodulation via paracrine signaling is not a singular druggable target like a receptor or enzyme; it is a therapeutic strategy or mechanism[1][4][5].

Other names

MSC immunomodulatory paracrine signalingMesenchymal stem cell paracrine signalingMSC secretome-mediated immunomodulation

Secretion of soluble factors (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) that modulate immune cell function[1][2][4] Release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing regulatory miRNAs and proteins[4][5] Induction of macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype[1]