Inactivated Poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain) (sIPV-1)

Inactivated Poliovirus type 1 Sabin strain is a viral antigen used in the formulation of Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccines (sIPV). It is produced by chemically inactivating the attenuated Sabin type 1 poliovirus, typically using formaldehyde, which destroys the virus's ability to replicate while preserving the structural integrity of its immunogenic epitopes (WHO, 2016). This strain was developed to replace the traditional Salk-IPV, which utilizes wild-type virulent strains (e.g., Mahoney), thereby reducing the biosafety risks associated with large-scale vaccine production (Okayasu et al., 2016). Upon intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, the inactivated virus is recognized by the host's immune system, triggering the production of specific neutralizing antibodies (IgG) that provide systemic protection against poliomyelitis (Sun et al., 2014). The use of sIPV is a critical component of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, particularly as a tool to mitigate the risks of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV) associated with oral vaccines. It is often administered as part of multivalent vaccines to ensure broad protection against all three poliovirus serotypes.

Other names

Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus type 1sIPV type 1Inactivated Sabin poliovirus type 1Poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain) inactivated

Induces active immunity by stimulating the production of neutralizing antibodies against Poliovirus type 1.