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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Inducible T cell Costimulator (ICOS)
- Target
- ICOS
- Molecular classification
- CD28 family receptor, Immune checkpoint protein, Cell surface receptor
01
Overview
Inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), also known as CD278, is a cell surface receptor and immune checkpoint protein that plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and function. It provides a co-stimulatory signal necessary for T cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, particularly in the context of follicular helper T (Tfh) cell development and germinal center reactions. ICOS signaling also influences the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, making it a potential target for immunotherapy in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
- Other names
- AILIMCD278CVID1Inducible T-cell co-stimulator
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of T cell activation and function through co-stimulation via ICOS-ICOSL interaction. Targeting ICOS with agonistic antibodies to enhance anti-tumor immunity or antagonistic antibodies/inhibitors to suppress inflammation.
03
Biological functions
Co-stimulationT cell activationT cell proliferationT cell survivalT cell differentiationFollicular helper T (Tfh) cell developmentGerminal center reactionAntibody class switchingCytokine productionImmune response regulationPI3K/Akt pathway activationMAPK cascade activationRegulation of Th1/Th2/Th17 responsesRegulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs)
04
Disease associations
AutoimmunityImmunodeficiencyCancerInflammation
05
Safety considerations
Potential for immune-related adverse eventsRisk of exacerbating autoimmune diseasesPotential for cytokine release syndrome
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