Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus antigens (IBV/NDV antigens)

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antigens are the primary immunogenic components used in bivalent poultry vaccines to protect against two of the most economically significant avian respiratory diseases (Cavanagh, 2007, Veterinary Research). IBV is a gammacoronavirus whose primary target is the Spike (S) glycoprotein, which mediates viral attachment and membrane fusion (UniProt P12721). NDV, an avian orthoavulavirus 1, relies on its Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) proteins for host cell entry and infection (UniProt P04872; UniProt P04562). These antigens are typically delivered as live-attenuated or inactivated viral particles to stimulate the avian immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies (Dimitrov et al., 2017, Infection, Genetics and Evolution). By targeting these surface proteins, vaccines prevent the viruses from binding to host receptors, thereby reducing clinical symptoms, viral shedding, and mortality in poultry flocks (Merck Veterinary Manual). The combination of these antigens allows for simultaneous immunization, though careful formulation is required to avoid antigenic interference between the two viral components.

Other names

IBV and NDV antigensAvian coronavirus and Avian orthoavulavirus 1 antigensBivalent IB-ND vaccine antigensInfectious Bronchitis Virus Spike protein and Newcastle Disease Virus HN/F proteins

Induction of active immunity through the production of neutralizing antibodies and activation of T-cell responses against viral surface glycoproteins. Specifically, the vaccine targets the Spike (S) protein of IBV to block attachment to host sialic acid receptors and the Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) proteins of NDV to prevent viral adsorption and membrane fusion with the host cell (Susta et al., 2011, Veterinary Pathology).