Inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils

Inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils are primary cellular components of the innate immune system that orchestrate the acute and chronic inflammatory response. Neutrophils are typically the first responders to site of injury or infection, utilizing phagocytosis, degranulation, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to neutralize pathogens. Macrophages, particularly those of the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, follow to further clear debris and secrete cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta that amplify the immune response. While essential for host defense, the persistent activation or recruitment of these cells is a hallmark of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, leading to collateral tissue damage. Therapeutic strategies often focus on inhibiting the recruitment, activation, or effector functions of these myeloid cells to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular disease.

Other names

Myeloid effector cellsInnate immune cellsPro-inflammatory myeloid cellsM1 macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (TNF, IL-1), blockade of chemokine receptors (CXCR1/2) to prevent recruitment, stabilization of lysosomal membranes, and inhibition of microtubule polymerization to prevent chemotaxis and degranulation.