Inflammatory Protein

An inflammatory protein is any protein whose synthesis increases in response to inflammation, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations during an inflammatory process. These proteins are central to the body's immune response, helping detect, signal, and resolve tissue injury or infection. They include acute-phase proteins (like C-reactive protein), cytokines (such as interleukins), and components of larger complexes like inflammasomes. They play essential roles both as markers for clinical assessment and active participants in host defense mechanisms and sometimes contribute directly to disease when dysregulated.

Other names

Acute Phase ProteinCytokineInflammasome Component

Varies depending on the specific protein. Examples include: - CRP: Binds phosphocholine on bacteria/dead cells -> activates classical complement pathway via C1q -> enhances opsonization/phagocytosis; also modulates apoptosis and cytokine production. - Cytokines: Bind specific receptors on target cells -> trigger intracellular signaling cascades that alter gene expression related to immunity/inflammation. - Inflammasomes: Assemble upon detection of danger signals -> activate caspases -> promote maturation/release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL‑1β/IL‑18; can induce pyroptotic cell death.