Influenza A and B viral antigens and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Flu/COVID-19 Combo Antigens)

Influenza A and B viral antigens and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein refers to a composite set of viral surface glycoproteins that serve as the primary targets for the human immune system and therapeutic interventions. The Influenza components typically consist of Hemagglutinin (HA), which facilitates viral binding to host sialic acid receptors, and Neuraminidase (NA), which enables the release of new viral particles [1]. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein is a trimeric glycoprotein that mediates cell entry by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor [2]. These antigens are central to the development of combination vaccines, such as mRNA-1083 and PF-07926307, designed to elicit a synergistic immune response against both seasonal influenza and COVID-19 [3]. By targeting these proteins, drugs and vaccines aim to neutralize viral infectivity and reduce the severity of respiratory infections [4]. This multi-antigen approach is a cornerstone of modern public health strategies to combat co-circulating respiratory viruses [5].

Other names

Influenza HemagglutininInfluenza NeuraminidaseSARS-CoV-2 S proteinCOVID-Flu combination antigensFlu A/B and COVID-19 antigens

The primary mechanism of action for drugs and vaccines targeting these antigens is the induction of neutralizing antibodies that bind to the receptor-binding domains of Hemagglutinin and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, thereby preventing viral attachment and entry into host cells [1][2]. Additionally, small molecule inhibitors and antibodies targeting Neuraminidase work by inhibiting the enzymatic cleavage of sialic acid, which prevents the release of new viral particles from infected cells and limits the spread of infection [3].