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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Protein (HA)
- Target
- HA
- Molecular classification
- Viral surface glycoprotein, Type I transmembrane protein
01
Overview
The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is a surface glycoprotein found on the influenza A virus. It plays a central role in viral infectivity, host specificity, and immune recognition. HA is one of two major antigenic proteins on the viral envelope. It exists as a homotrimer, with each monomer consisting of a globular head (HA1) responsible for receptor binding and a stem domain (HA2) that mediates membrane fusion. HA binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on host cells, determining host range, and undergoes conformational changes triggered by acidic pH to facilitate membrane fusion. Antigenic variation in HA leads to immune escape and necessitates frequent updates of influenza vaccines. There are at least 18 known subtypes (H1–H18).
- Other names
- HemagglutininHA proteinHA0HA1HA2
02
Mechanism of action
Neutralization via antibody binding; inhibition of membrane fusion
03
Biological functions
Receptor bindingMembrane fusionViral entry
04
Disease associations
InfectionInfluenzaPandemic
05
Safety considerations
Antigenic variation leading to immune escapePotential for zoonotic transmissionVaccine efficacy dependent on strain matching
06
Biomarkers
Antibody titers against HAHA subtype
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